These compositions are featured in many retro-style modern games and are popular in the demoscene. Chiptunes are characterized by severe limitations of sound imposed by the author's self-restriction to using only the original sound chips from 8-bit or 16-bit games. The nostalgia-based revival of past game styles has also been accompanied by the development of the modern chiptune genre of game music. Examples of fan-made remakes are King's Quest I: Quest for the Crown, King's Quest II: Romancing the Stones, and Freeciv. These are often motivated by the phenomenon of abandonware, which is the discontinuation of sales and support by the original producers. When remakes are created by an individual or a group of enthusiasts without commercial motivation, such games sometimes are also called fangames. Paku Paku is a Pac-Man remake that targets the obscure 160×100×16 mode of the CGA graphic card. Major publishers have embraced modern retrogaming with releases such as Mega Man 9 which mimics NES hardware Retro Game Challenge, a compilation of new games on faux-NES hardware and Sega's Fantasy Zone II remake, which uses emulated System 16 hardware running on PlayStation 2 to create a 16-bit reimagining of the 8-bit original.
This concept, known as deliberate retro and NosCon, gained popularity due part to the independent gaming scene, where the short development time was attractive and commercial viability was not a concern. These may be based on a general concept of retro, as with Cave Story, or an attempt to imitate a specific piece of hardware, as with MSX color palette of La Mulana. Modern retrogames impose limitations on color palette, resolution, and memory well below the actual limits of the hardware, to mimic the look of old hardware. With increasing nostalgia and success of retro compilations in the fifth, sixth, and seventh generations of consoles, retrogaming has become a motif in modern games. They can be played on original hardware or in modern emulation. The distinction between retro and modern is heavily debated, but it usually coincides with either the shift from 2D to 3D games (making the fourth the last retro generation, and the fifth the first modern), the turn of the millennium and the increase in online gaming (making the fifth the last retro generation, and the sixth the first modern), or the switch from analog to digital for audiovisual output and from 4:3 to 16:9 aspect ratio (making the sixth the last retro generation, and the seventh the first modern). The original word was coined by Robert Frasure when he found that "Flashback Games" was taken. This was quickly followed by the emulation website in 1998. It specialized primarily in Turbografx-16, Sega Master System, and NES sales and repairs. The first known instance of the term "retro" in gaming came from the online video game store RetroGames, which was launched in 1997 as a joint effort of Turbo Zone Direct and Robert Frasure. Retrogaming and retrocomputing have been described as preservation activity and as aspects of the remix culture. It is argued that the main reasons players are drawn to retrogames are nostalgia for different eras, the idea that classic games are more innovative and original, and the simplicity of the games. Retrogaming has existed since the early years of the video game industry, and was popularized with the Internet and emulation technology. A new game could be retro styled, such as an RPG with turn-based combat and pixel art in isometric camera perspective. It is typically for nostalgia, preservation, or authenticity. Usually, retrogaming is based upon systems that are outmoded or discontinued, although ported retrogaming allows games to be played on modern hardware via ports or compilations. Retrogaming, also known as classic gaming and old school gaming, is the current playing and collection of obsolete personal computers, consoles, and video games. Gameplay of Alex Kidd in Miracle World on a Sega Master System, and others in the background, in 2012
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